Triathlon Wetsuits: How to Choose the Best One for Your Swim
For triathletes, the swim portion can often feel like the most daunting leg of the race. Having the right wetsuit can make all the difference, providing buoyancy, thermal protection, and confidence in open water. But with so many options on the market, how do you find the wetsuit that’s best for your needs? Let’s break it down scientifically, practically, and with a little guidance to keep you ahead of the pack.
Why Wetsuits Are Essential in Triathlons
Wetsuits serve several critical purposes for triathletes:
Buoyancy: The neoprene material in wetsuits helps you stay afloat, reducing drag and conserving energy.
Thermal Insulation: Cold water can sap energy quickly. Wetsuits help maintain body temperature, allowing you to swim comfortably in lower temperatures.
Hydrodynamics: A good wetsuit minimizes drag, enhancing swim speed.
Confidence: For newer triathletes, the extra buoyancy provides peace of mind, allowing you to focus on technique and pacing.
Types of Triathlon Wetsuits
Triathlon wetsuits come in several styles, each suited for different conditions and preferences:
1. Sleeveless Wetsuits
Pros: Provide more shoulder mobility and less restriction. Ideal for warmer water temperatures.
Cons: Less buoyancy and thermal protection compared to full-sleeve wetsuits.
Best For: Athletes who prioritize flexibility or are swimming in water temperatures above 70°F (21°C).
2. Full-Sleeve Wetsuits
Pros: Offer maximum buoyancy and warmth. Enhanced hydrodynamics with smoother surfaces covering the arms.
Cons: Can feel restrictive around the shoulders without a proper fit.
Best For: Colder water swims and athletes who want the best performance boost.
3. Shorty or Swim Skins
Pros: Lightweight and minimal coverage, designed for very warm water. Provide compression and reduced drag without thermal insulation.
Cons: No buoyancy or thermal benefits. Not allowed in cold-water races.
Best For: Warm water swims (above 78°F or 25.5°C) where wetsuits are prohibited.
Key Features to Look For
When choosing a triathlon wetsuit, there are several critical factors to consider:
1. Material and Thickness
Neoprene Quality: Most wetsuits are made from neoprene, but not all neoprene is created equal. Look for Yamamoto neoprene, a premium material known for its flexibility and durability.
Thickness Variations:
Chest and Legs: Typically thicker (4–5mm) for added buoyancy.
Shoulders and Arms: Thinner (1.5–2mm) to allow greater flexibility and freedom of movement.
2. Buoyancy
Panel Placement: Higher-end wetsuits often have strategically placed buoyancy panels to optimize body position in the water.
Leg Buoyancy: Extra lift in the legs helps maintain a streamlined posture, especially for athletes with weaker swim kicks.
Core Buoyancy: Panels around the torso support overall body position and stability.
3. Flexibility
A stiff wetsuit can feel restrictive and hinder your stroke efficiency. Look for:
Thin Neoprene in Shoulders: This reduces resistance during your stroke.
Stretch Panels: Many high-end wetsuits incorporate stretch zones in key areas for enhanced mobility.
4. Fit
Snug but Not Restrictive: A proper fit minimizes water entry while allowing full range of motion. Loose areas create drag, while overly tight suits can restrict breathing or movement.
Check for Gaps: Common problem areas include the neck, shoulders, and lower back.
Try Before You Buy: If possible, test the wetsuit in a pool or open water to ensure it fits well under realistic conditions.
5. Entry and Exit
Transition speed is crucial in triathlons, so the ease of getting in and out of your wetsuit matters:
Zipper Placement: Most wetsuits feature a back zipper, but some high-end models have reverse zippers for improved hydrodynamics.
Quick-Release Ankles: Look for tapered or split ankle designs for faster removal during T1 (swim-to-bike transition).
Special Considerations
1. Water Temperature
Your choice of wetsuit should align with race-day conditions:
Cold Water (<65°F / 18°C): Full-sleeve wetsuits with thicker neoprene (4–5mm) are essential.
Moderate Water (65–78°F / 18–25.5°C): A full-sleeve or sleeveless wetsuit works well, depending on personal preference.
Warm Water (>78°F / 25.5°C): Wetsuits may be prohibited. Use a swim skin or tri-suit instead.
2. Swim Style and Ability
Strong Swimmers: Often prefer thinner, more flexible wetsuits to avoid over-buoyancy that can disrupt body position.
Beginner Swimmers: May benefit from thicker wetsuits with more buoyancy to assist with flotation and streamline posture.
3. Body Shape
Wetsuits are not one-size-fits-all. Some brands cater to specific body types better than others. Try multiple brands and consider custom-fit options if off-the-shelf wetsuits don’t fit properly.
Popular Triathlon Wetsuit Brands
Some of the most trusted brands in the triathlon community include:
Orca: Known for high-quality neoprene and innovative panel designs.
Roka: Offers wetsuits with excellent buoyancy-to-flexibility balance.
Huub: Focuses on tailored fits and scientific design for performance.
Zone3: Offers great entry-level and high-performance wetsuits.
Blueseventy: Popular for durable, high-performing suits for all levels.
Wetsuit Care and Maintenance
To extend the life of your wetsuit:
Rinse After Every Use: Use fresh water to remove chlorine, salt, and debris.
Dry Properly: Hang your wetsuit inside out in a shaded area. Avoid direct sunlight, as UV rays can degrade neoprene.
Store Flat or Folded Gently: Avoid creasing neoprene for long periods.
Avoid Nails and Sharp Objects: Neoprene is prone to tears, so handle it carefully.
Rules and Regulations
Before purchasing a wetsuit, check the rules of your triathlon organization:
USAT Rules: Wetsuits are allowed if the water temperature is 78°F (25.5°C) or below. Between 78–84°F (25.5–28.8°C), wetsuits are optional but may disqualify you from awards.
Ironman Rules: Wetsuits are prohibited above 76.1°F (24.5°C).
Tips for Trying and Buying
Visit a Store: If possible, try on wetsuits in person. Many specialty stores have pools or tanks for testing.
Rent Before You Commit: Renting a wetsuit is a great way to test different brands and styles without a large upfront cost.
Buy During Off-Season Sales: Look for discounts during winter months or end-of-season sales.
Final Thoughts
Choosing the right triathlon wetsuit can significantly enhance your swim experience and overall race performance. Consider your skill level, water conditions, and budget, but above all, prioritize fit and comfort. The best wetsuit is the one that makes you feel fast, buoyant, and ready to conquer the swim.